Vomiting is a reflex action in which food and/or fluid are brought up from the stomach through the mouth. Vomiting occurs when the vomiting center of the brain called the chemoreceptor trigger zone, located in the medulla, is stimulated by specific nerve impulses from the body. Diseases and certain situations such as a car ride can stimulate the nerves leading to the vomiting center, resulting in nausea and vomiting. Many anti-vomiting medications actually work by blocking the signals from reaching the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
Owners frequently indicate that their dog has been salivating and vomiting whole undigested or digested food and a foamy fluid that may be yellow from bile, clear, or have blood in it. Some people report that their pet eats grass and then vomits the grass. Some dogs may maintain a good appetite, while other lose theirs entirely. There can be weight loss if the disease has been going on for a while and the gums may be tacky or dry from dehydration.
Vomiting is one of the more common reasons why owners take their dogs to the veterinarian. Isolated episodes of vomiting rarely are a cause for concern as long as the dog has an appetite and is bright and alert; most healthy dogs will, on occasion, vomit whole or partially digested food, grass, or foamy, clear liquid.
However, excessive or chronic vomiting lasting for several days can indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires treatment. Dogs that vomit for more than a day, or seem depressed and are not eating should receive prompt veterinary attention so that the cause of the vomiting can be determined and dehydration can be treated.
For dogs that have been vomiting only a short time, but have an appetite and are bright and alert, symptomatic treatment for one to three days is usually very effective. Typically in mild cases, food is withheld for 24 to 36 hours and injections of medications can be given to help alleviate the vomiting. Owners should never withhold water unless instructed to do so by the examining veterinarian. If the vomiting persists, or the animal is visibly sick, the use of intravenous fluid therapy will correct and prevent further dehydration. Drugs also can be given intravenously instead of orally.
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